Shatrunjay Ranakpur Delwada - Book Summary

This document is a Gujarati text authored by Amrutlal Mulshankar Trivedi, published by himself, and dedicated to "Tirthoddharak Seth Shri Kasturbhai Lalbhai" who oversaw the renovation of the holy sites of Shatrunjay, Ranakpur, and Delwada. The book is presented as a tribute on the occasion of Seth Kasturbhai Lalbhai's "Amrut Mahotsav" (80th birthday).

The text is divided into three main sections, focusing on the significance and renovations of Shatrunjay, Delwada, and Ranakpur.

Here's a summary of each section:

Page 1-18: Shatrunjay

Introduction and Significance: Shatrunjay is described as the foremost Tirth (holy pilgrimage site) for Svetambara Jains, sanctified by the feet of the first Tirthankar, Lord Rishabhdev. It is presented as a place of immense spiritual significance, attracting devotees and even foreigners due to its beauty and the divine presence felt there.
The Importance of Renovation (Jirnoddhar): The text emphasizes that the temples, even after centuries, appear new due to timely renovations. It highlights that renovation is an art and a science, requiring specific knowledge and vision.
Seth Kasturbhai Lalbhai's Role: Seth Kasturbhai Lalbhai is lauded for his exceptional vision and expertise in carrying out these renovations, as evidenced by his work at Ranakpur, Abu, Kumbhariya, and Taranga. His undertaking at Shatrunjay's historical temple of Lord Rishabhdev was particularly challenging due to historical issues and the need for a major "operation" (renovation) following scholarly methods.
Overcoming Opposition: The text details the challenges faced during the renovation, particularly the opposition encountered after the repositioning of certain idols. It compares the situation to the churning of the ocean where initial poison needs to be consumed, requiring a "Shiva" figure. Seth Kasturbhai, though abroad, was supported by trustees who managed the situation, and many of the initial objectors later acknowledged the correctness of the actions.
Historical Renovation of the Shatrunjay Temple: The text delves into the history of the Shatrunjay temple, mentioning its creation by Emperor Bharat and subsequent renovations over time. It specifically notes the renovation by Javadshah of Mahuva in 108 AD using wood and the subsequent renovation in 1113 AD by Minister Bahad, who intended to rebuild it in stone. The current renovation is linked to Minister Bahad's work, with Seth Kasturbhai's efforts crucial in revealing the historical structure by removing later additions.
Architectural Details and Improvements: The text describes the lower foundation of Bahad's temple and the existing structure's height. It mentions renovations by Samara Shah of Patan, Karma Shah of Chittor, and Tejpal Soni of Khambhat. Seth Kasturbhai's vision extended to improving the temple complex, including creating new artistic gateways (Sinhdwar) like Ramapol, Sagalpol, Vaghanpol, Hathipol, and Ratanpol, enhancing the grandeur and visitor experience.
The Integration of Art and Religion: The author strongly asserts that religion and art are inseparable. Art is described as eternal, and without it, there is chaos and destruction. Devotion, too, requires artistry in presentation, signifying the deep connection between the devotee's heart and the divine.
New Projects and Future Vision: The construction of a 52-temple complex (Bavan Jinalay) in an open area called Babarana was planned to house the repositioned Tirthankar idols. The text also mentions the improvement of pathways, the construction of kunds (water tanks) and bathing facilities for pilgrims, and the establishment of a museum to preserve ancient artifacts, foreseeing its importance for future historical research.
Overall Impact: The renovations transformed Shatrunjay from just a temple town into a town of artistic temples, significantly enhancing its grandeur and spiritual aura.

Page 19-27: Delwada

Introduction and Significance: Delwada's Jain temples on Mount Abu are recognized as premier art destinations in India, enchanting visitors for 900 years.
Historical Context: The text introduces the Vimalvashahi temple built by Minister Vimalshah in 1088 AD and the Lunvashahi temple built by Ministers Vastupal and Tejpal in 1287 AD. These temples, made of white marble, are presented as invaluable gifts to the world.
Vimalshah's Renovation and Artistry: Vimalshah's renovation was an act of penance for his past deeds. The text speculates about the pre-11th century existence of parts of the Vimalvashahi temple, supported by findings during renovation, suggesting an older foundation. Vimalshah used white marble and spent generously, creating exquisite artwork in the temples, depicting deities, celestial beings, and life events.
Tejpal's Lunvashahi Temple: The Lunvashahi temple is described as being as artistically competitive as Vimalvashahi, even surpassing it in the intricacy of its ceilings. The craftsmanship of the niches, domes, and pillars is highlighted.
Destruction and Subsequent Renovations: Both temples suffered damage during the invasion of Alauddin Khilji in 1368 AD. Renowned figures like Seth Lall and Vijad, along with Sanghpati Petha, undertook their renovation and consecration.
Preservation Efforts and Modern Renovation: The text details the efforts to preserve these temples, including the intervention of Viceroy Lord Curzon and the successful negotiation by Seth Lalbhai Dalpatbhai to keep the management of the temples under the Jain Sangha. It then describes the meticulous renovation process initiated by Seth Kasturbhai Lalbhai, which involved finding the correct type of marble, consulting architects and sculptors, and ensuring that damaged parts were replaced with utmost fidelity to the original work. The work faced initial setbacks, including a halt by the Archaeological Department, which was later resolved by proving the authenticity of the current renovation work.
The Scale and Cost of Renovation: The renovation of the five temples took 12 years and cost 13,82,751 rupees. The author emphasizes that the work involved repairing even broken statues and intricate carvings with unparalleled precision, making it difficult to distinguish new from old.
Comprehensive Development: Seth Kasturbhai's vision extended beyond just structural renovation. He aimed for overall improvement, including cleanliness, surrounding areas, gardens, and visitor amenities. Plans were made for relocating nearby offices and residences to create a more harmonious environment.
Commitment and Recognition: The text highlights Seth Kasturbhai's personal involvement, regular visits, and satisfaction with the progress. The dedication of the artisans and the support from the Anandji Kalyanji Pedhi are praised. The overall renovation is considered one of Seth Kasturbhai's greatest life achievements.

Page 28-42: Ranakpur

Introduction and Historical Background: The Dharanavihar Prasada at Ranakpur, built in 1446 AD under the patronage of Minister Dharna Shah of Mewar, is described as an unparalleled architectural marvel. It was envisioned as a divine creation on earth.
The Role of the Architect and Patron: Architect Deepaji and Minister Dharna Shah are credited with bringing this vision to life through their devotion and dedication, overcoming the ego of human creation.
Architectural Marvels and Symbolism: The text describes the awe-inspiring architecture, the intricate carvings on pillars, doorways, and ceilings, and the overall divine ambiance. The design is likened to a divine chariot ("Nalini Guha Viman"). The meaning of "Nalini Guha" (lotus cave) is explained through the 90 elements in the temple's design, representing groups of lotuses.
The Philosophy Behind the Art: The art is presented not as a display of wealth but as an expression of devotion. The sculptures depict themes of overcoming desires and achieving spiritual liberation, exemplified by the story of Muni Sthulibhadra. The intricate carvings serve as a spiritual guide for devotees.
Historical Prosperity and Decline: The text mentions that Ranakpur was a prosperous city in the 15th century with a significant Jain population. However, political instability and neglect led to its decline, with the temples falling into disrepair.
The Renovation of Ranakpur: The Anandji Kalyanji Pedhi, under the leadership of Seth Kasturbhai, took on the massive task of renovating Ranakpur. The process involved consulting architects and artisans, sourcing stone from the original mines, and meticulous repair work. The challenges included dealing with wildlife and the sheer scale of the restoration.
Teamwork and Dedication: The text highlights the collaborative effort of architects, munims (accountants), and artisans, emphasizing the dedication required for such a monumental task. Seth Kasturbhai's ability to identify and support talent is repeatedly mentioned.
Financial Investment and Vision: The renovation of Ranakpur cost 4,70,000 rupees, showcasing the significant financial commitment. Seth Kasturbhai's vision was not limited to the temple itself but extended to creating a holistic environment with improved infrastructure, Dharmashalas (rest houses), and dining facilities for pilgrims and art lovers.
Consecration and Celebration: The text concludes by describing the grand consecration ceremony of the renovated temples, attended by thousands of people, highlighting the immense joy and spiritual fulfillment experienced by all. The author expresses a prayer for Seth Kasturbhai's continued health and inspiration to undertake more such noble endeavors.

In essence, the book is a tribute to Seth Kasturbhai Lalbhai's immense contribution to the preservation and enhancement of three of Jainism's most sacred pilgrimage sites, showcasing his architectural acumen, spiritual devotion, and leadership qualities through detailed accounts of the restoration efforts at Shatrunjay, Delwada, and Ranakpur.